5-Point vs. 10-Point Preference
5-Point Preference (TP)
Most honorably discharged veterans who served on active duty during a war, campaign, or for 180+ days. Documented with DD-214 (Member 4 copy).
10-Point Preference (CP/CPS/XP)
Veterans with any service-connected disability, Purple Heart recipients, and certain family members (spouses of 100% SC veterans unable to work, widows/widowers of qualifying veterans). Documented with DD-214 + VA disability letter. Use SF-15 when required.
Special Non-Competitive Appointing Authorities
Veterans Recruitment Appointment (VRA) — GS-11 and Below
Allows non-competitive appointment to any position at GS-11 or below. No competitive announcement needed. Eligible veterans within 3 years of discharge (or any time for SC-disabled veterans) can ask agencies to hire them directly. Ask the HR office of any federal agency about VRA eligibility.
30%+ Disabled Veteran — Any Grade Level
Veterans with 30%+ SC disability can be non-competitively appointed to any federal position at any grade — including GS-12, GS-13, GS-14, and GS-15. No competitive exam required. Significantly more powerful than VRA.
VEOA — Apply for More Jobs
The Veterans Employment Opportunities Act allows 5-point and 10-point eligible veterans to apply for competitive service jobs open only to existing federal employees. Opens many more positions than the general public announcement.
How to Use It on USAJOBS
Claim Preference on Every Application
Upload DD-214 (Member 4 copy) to your USAJOBS profile. For 10-point preference, also upload your VA disability award letter. Claim preference on each individual job application — it doesn't carry over automatically between applications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does veterans' preference expire?
No — veterans' preference is a lifetime benefit under 5 USC §2108. A veteran who separated decades ago can still claim and use their preference points on federal job applications today.
Does it apply to all federal jobs?
Veterans' preference applies to competitive service positions — approximately 90% of federal jobs. It does not apply to SES positions, most excepted service positions (CIA, NSA, etc.), or positions filled by direct-hire authority.